All the subjects held valid driving licenses, normal visual function, naked eye or corrected visual acuity above 4.8, and driving experience of more than two years (mean value is 8.4, the standard deviation is 5.9). Meet our team and learn how our services help ensure your success. J. L. Harbluk, Y. I. Noy, P. L. Trbovich, and M. Eizenman, An on-road assessment of cognitive distraction: impacts on drivers visual behavior and braking performance, Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. In the two traffic conditions, the correlation degree of the cell phone operation state decreased to different degrees compared with normal driving, and the VSC was more sensitive to the influence of video call operation, resulting in a sharp decrease in the correlation degree. 16, no. 8697, 2018. Driving while under the influence of alcohol can lead to serious penalties. WebRisky driving among teenage drivers is higher among teens who report that their friends drive in a risky manner. State Council of the People's Republic of China, Regulation on the Implementation of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China, State Council of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China, 2017. risk Comparison of drivers PARSV for each driving state in different traffic conditions. According to statistics for fatigue driving, it was found that fatigue driving is one of the In two traffic conditions, compared with the normal driving state, the percentage of the VSC in the stable interval (>0.63) decreased sharply and the percentage of VSC in the extremely unstable interval (<0.33) generally increased when the drivers were distracted by operating the cell phone, and the change of percentage in the video call state was more significant. Risky driving behaviour risky behavior Learn how companies use our solutions to drive impressive results. (4)Calculate the grey correlation degree. The study shows that drivers In addition, the driving distraction test is widely used in the field of distracted driving research as the most direct way to obtain data. WebKulendranM,PatelK,DarziA,VlaevI.Diagnosticvalidityofbehaviouralandpsychometricimpulsivitymeasures:Anassessmentinadolescentandadultpopulations.PersonalityandIndividualDifferences.2016;90:347352 L. Ocampo, J. L. Aro, S. S. Evangelista et al., Composite ecotourism potential index based on an integrated stochastic CRITIC-weighted sum method, Current Issues in Tourism, vol. A. I. Dumitru, T. Girbacia, R. G. Boboc, C. C. Postelnicu, and G. L. Mogan, Effects of smartphone based advanced driver assistance system on distracted driving behavior: a simulator study, Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 56, no. Avoid the Six Most Unsafe Driving Behaviors The subjects drove the SV from the starting point through different traffic flow scenarios and drove to specific locations to trigger secondary driving tasks, including hands-free calls and video calls, with content designed to be mathematical calculations of equal difficulty. The factors causing the change were the brightness difference between the cell phone screen and the scenario display equipment, and the increased psychological and physiological load of the drivers during distracted driving, so the RCPA changed significantly under the coupling effect of the two factors. With the continuous innovation and development of intelligent terminals and communication technologies, the equipment of various electronic devices in the car provides convenience and simultaneously makes the potential sources of distraction for drivers continue to grow, and the demand for multitasking significantly increases [5, 6]. There were 697 drowsy-driving-related crashes in 2019. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has identified six risky driving behaviors. The calculation results of the grey correlation coefficient under two traffic conditions are shown in Figure 12. Then, according to the data statistics and ANOVA results, the sensitive indicators for measuring visual stability under different traffic conditions were selected. The percentage of fixation point offset distance in each interval is shown in Figure 3. When someone is drink-driving, their reaction time is much slower and their ability to judge speed is signifiactly affected, which can increase the risk of a car accident. Question: 11, p. 1805, 2016. M. El Haj and A. 317325, 2018. 4, pp. Dropdown to filter by a specific type of media, Speeding on residential streets (55%) vs. alcohol-only (35%), Aggressive driving (52%) vs. alcohol-only (28%), Intentional red-light running (48%) vs alcohol-only (32%), Texting while driving (40%) vs. alcohol-only (21%). 493, pp. A. Fernandez, R. Usamentiaga, J. L. Carus, and R. Casado, Driver distraction using visual-based sensors and algorithms, Sensors, vol. The full simulation simulator used in the test was the QJ-4B1 six-degree-of-freedom simulator developed by the French OKTAL Company. 118, pp. If you encounter a dangerous driver, maintain space around your vehicle and contact 9-1-1 if needed. Cell phone call operations during driving can lead to distraction and cause potential safety hazards. (PDF) Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Optimistic Risky Driving Behaviors P. Gershon, K. R. Sita, C. M. Zhu et al., Distracted driving, visual inattention, and crash risk among teenage drivers, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. Manage driver vehicle inspection reports toensure vehicles are in top working order.. Get help with your Lytx solutions through our customer support center. Finally, we constructed VSC as a new indicator for visual characteristics evaluation based on the weight calculation theory and established the evaluation criteria for visual stability, which can help to accurately quantify the stability of drivers visual attention and information processing under the coupling effect of traffic conditions and driving states, and comprehensively assess the risk bias of drivers states from the visual level, in order to provide the theoretical basis for the correction of drivers visual behaviors and driving safety. 4, 7 Often, several of these risk factors are present: In particular, teens who text while driving are more likely to have other risky driving behaviors as well, compared to those who don't text while driving. Bad Behavior: Drivers Know Its Wrong, But Many Do It Anyway Its illegal in the U.S. to drive under the influence of alcohol, but also marijuana, opioids, methamphetamines, cocaine, or any other impairing drug illicit, prescribed or over-the-counter. By calculating the correlation coefficient between evaluation indicators and taking the absolute value, the conflict between indicators is measured. Drowsy driving is another risky driving behavior and can lead to impaired cognition and performance and motor vehicle crashes. D. Kong, X. Zheng, Y. Yang, Y. Zhang, and T. Jiang, A novel DFT-based scheme for PAPR reduction in FBMC/OQAM systems, IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. Cocaine and methamphetamine can make drivers more aggressive and reckless. Get your questions answered and learn how our solutions can help you transform your fleet. F. Zong, X. Chen, J. Tang, P. Yu, and T. Wu, Analyzing traffic crash severity with combination of information entropy and bayesian network, IEEE Access, vol. A speeding ticket could also result in a driver losing their safe driving discount, increasing your rate. Considering the indicator variability and conflict, the information quantity, Calculation of indicator weights. 7, no. A. R. Mishra, P. Rani, and K. Pandey, Fermatean fuzzy CRITIC-EDAS approach for the selection of sustainable third-party reverse logistics providers using improved generalized score function, Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, vol. X. Li, Z. Han, M. Yazdi, and G. Chen, A CRITIC-VIKOR based robust approach to support risk management of subsea pipelines, Applied Ocean Research, vol. The coordinates of fixation points of the 18 drivers were hierarchical clustering, and the intercluster distance decreased with the increase of the number of clusters and finally stabilized gradually with six clusters as the cut-off point. 124, Article ID 103187, 2022. Driving In addition, the existing research results focus on the visual recognition characteristics of drivers distracted by operating cell phones in a single traffic condition of the same road type, with few studies carried out under different traffic conditions. 2021, Article ID 6642999, 10 pages, 2021. Comparison of drivers saccade amplitude for each driving state in different traffic conditions. 10, pp. 63, pp. 2022, Article ID 7213814, 15 pages, 2022. Considering the complexity of distracted driving, future comparative studies should be attempted in other road scenarios, combining individual driver attribute characteristics and multiple dimensional indicators such as ECG, EEG, and head movement to comprehensively consider the risk level of distracted driving states. 10, pp. Driving is a seemingly innocuous part of modern life and, for many, has become second nature. Therefore, based on the calculation principle of the traditional CRITIC method, the standard deviation is replaced by the coefficient of variation, which eliminates the influence of different magnitude and indicator means on the indicator variability, while the correlation coefficient is taken as the absolute value in indicator conflict calculation, and the establishment process of the indicator weights by using the improved CRITIC method as follows:(1)Construction of original data matrix. Webphones sometimes or often while driving are more likely to drive 10 mph over the limit on local roads than people who rarely or never use the cell phone while driving. In order to quantitatively characterize the influence of cell phone call mode on the drivers visual behavior in different traffic conditions and to analyze the risk level of distracted driving from the visual level, a distracted driving simulation test was carried out based on a driving simulator and eye tracker. The driving states had a significant influence on IEFA, while the traffic conditions and the interaction between the traffic conditions and the driving states had no significant influence on IEFA. Economic implications of a speed-related crash. In the two traffic conditions, compared with normal driving, the percentage of fixation point offset distance in the medium and long interval above 300px increased significantly, and the percentage in the short interval of 0100px decreased significantly in the video call state, indicating that most drivers were in a state of visual distraction during this process, and needed to shift their eyes frequently between the cell phone screen and the road ahead, expanding the visual search range of the road area to ensure driving safety. 23, no. 372379, 2007. The analysis shows that all kinds of cell phone call operations caused a general decrease in drivers VSC, among which the negative impact of the video call on driving safety was more significant, and the decrease in VSC was significantly higher than that of the hands-free call. Lets pinpoint new behaviors you want to do, so you can see In the free flow, different types of cell phone call operations had the opposite influence on the IEFA, while the saccade amplitude, PARSV, and RCPA all showed an increasing trend compared to the normal driving state, and the above four types of indicators in congested flow all showed an increasing trend compared to normal driving. 2020, Article ID 8878265, 14 pages, 2020. 5, pp. 6328863302, 2019. Editorial Integrity - Why you should trust us? In the two traffic conditions, the mean VSC of drivers in the cell phone operation state generally decreased compared to the normal driving state, with a lower decrease rate in the hands-free call state, 4.80% and 2.86% in free flow and congested flow, respectively, while the decrease rates of the mean VSC in video call state reached 28.46% and 25.05%, respectively, further indicating that the impact of video call operation on drivers driving safety is significantly higher than that of hands-free call. 34, no. The test adopted a two-factor design to develop two urban expressway simulation scenarios, free flow and congested flow, for subjects to complete two secondary driving tasks, video call and hands-free call. X. Liu, Z. Wang, S. Zhang, and Y. Chen, Investment decision making along the B&R using CRITIC approach in probabilistic hesitant fuzzy environment, Journal of Business Economics and Management, vol. The subjects were asked to complete two secondary tasks of hands-free calls and video calls in two different traffic conditions. 132142, 2017. Copyright Lytx, Inc, 2023. 42, no. This is an open access article distributed under the, Construction of original data matrix. Du, Improvement of analytic hierarchy process based on grey correlation model and its engineering application, ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems Part A-Civil Engineering, vol. Information entropy is an indicator to quantify the amount of information in information theory, borrowed from thermodynamics and measures the ordering degree of a system. 8, no. Percent of Events in which Behavior was Present, Seatbelt use continues to stand out as both a top behavior fleets are actively looking to address and one that drivers continue to struggle with, despite the inherent dangers and risk of policy violations and citations, said Del Lisk, Lytxs vice president of safety services. Seat belts keep you from being ejected from a vehicle and are designed to work with airbags, protecting passengers and drivers in the event of a crash. 119, pp. The maximum value of the data in each row of the decision matrix. To join, visit AAA.com. As an objective weighting calculation model, the CRITIC method fully exploits the attributes of the indicator data, takes into account the variability within the indicators and the conflict between the indicators to determine the objective weights, and the weighting results are more reliable and reasonable. 5, pp. The results show that different cell phone call modes increased driving risk in both traffic conditions. 430443, 2018. M. E. S. Rondora, A. Pirdavani, and A. P. C. Larocca, Driver behavioral classification on curves based on the relationship between speed, trajectories, and eye movements: a driving simulator study, Sustainability, vol. The PARSV of all drivers was calculated, as shown in Figure 6, which was mainly distributed from 2.726 to 3.316dB in free flow and 2.851 to 3.352dB in congested flow. C. Liu, Z. Wang, E. J. C. Nacpil, W. Hou, and R. Zheng, Analysis of visual risk perception model for braking control behaviour of human drivers: a literature review, IET Intelligent Transport Systems, vol. The calculation results of the grey correlation degree are shown in Table 14, and the change in the relationship between VSC and correlation degree was drawn in combination with the mean VSC of the drivers, as shown in Figure 13. The lower the VSC, the worse the drivers visual stability, resulting in greater driving risk. These motorists identified as someone who consumed alcohol and used marijuana in the past 30 days, and in some cases, they may have used both at the same time. Combine Lytx with best-in-class fleet technology for a powerful fleet management solution. Subsequent The clustering analysis method can gradually improve the clustering effect through several iterations and applies to large sample data [44], so it is suitable for the division of the fixation region. and (mm2) are the pupil area at time and time when the driver is in the free driving state which is not affected by the road speed limit and other vehicles in the pretest, and is the sample size taken in the 30s data window of the pretest. In order to avoid the learning effect, the speed of the LV was set to fluctuate in a small range to simulate the acceleration and deceleration. WebThe present study aimed the adaptation of the Driving Log, a questionnaire that assesses aggressive and risky driving behaviors in a day by day basis, with 395 Spanish participants. The distribution of PARSV was similar in the two traffic conditions, and the mean PARSV of drivers in the cell phone operation state was generally increased compared with the normal driving state, and the growth rates of the hands-free call state were relatively low, 2.64% and 0.77% in free flow and congested flow, respectively, while the mean PARSV in video call state increased more, with growth rates of 8.52% and 5.64%, respectively, indicating that the saccade velocity fluctuated greatly and the visual stability decreased during distracted driving. The weight of the evaluation indicator reflects its importance to the research object to a certain extent. B. Reimer, B. Mehler, Y. Wang, and J. F. Coughlin, A field study on the impact of variations in short-term memory demands on drivers visual attention and driving performance across three age groups, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, vol. This work was supported in part by the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Planning Project (2022YFSH0071). Risk Risky driving behavior No. Furthermore, the mean RCPA of the video call increased sharply, with growth rates of 47.69% and 72.75%, respectively. 3742, 2021. Using two or more drugs together can compound the impairing effects of each drug. Distracted driving is another risky behavior. 3, pp. 366376, 2019. She most recently worked in the public sector for the Nevada Department of Transportation. The mean value of the correlation coefficient of the corresponding elements of the comparison sequence and the reference sequence is calculated to reflect its association with the reference sequence, which is called the correlation degree, as shown in the following equation. K. Leighton, S. Kardong-Edgren, T. Schneidereith, and C. Foisy-Doll, Using social media and snowball sampling as an alternative recruitment strategy for research, Clinical Simulation in Nursing, vol. The saccade amplitude of all drivers was counted, as shown in Figure 5. Lytx connects all the dots to reveal a clear and actionable view of your fleet that helps you and your drivers save time, reduce costs, improve safety, and deliver the very best for your customers. The mean IEFA in the hands-free call state was sharply decreased by 20.98% compared with the normal driving state in the free flow scenario, while the mean IEFA in the congested flow scenario was not significantly different from the normal driving state. Since 1902, the not-for-profit, fully tax-paying AAA has been a leader and advocate for safe mobility. Compared with the normal driving state, the correlation coefficients of drivers in cell phone calls showed different degrees of decrease, and the correlation coefficients in the video call state decreased sharply, and the values fluctuated significantly. Firstly, the one-way ANOVA was conducted on the PARSV, as shown in Table 7. Speeding is a top contributor to crashes along Americas roadways and is a type of aggressive driving, which has been on the rise. In order to analyze the stability of drivers visual information processing in different driving states and evaluate the negative impact of different driving states on driving safety based on microscopic visual characteristics indicators, the comprehensive scores of drivers visual characteristics indicators in different driving states under two traffic conditions were calculated, respectively, based on the objective weighting results of the improved CRITIC method, which were defined as the visual stability coefficient (VSC) of drivers. Lytx MV+AI technology is a driver aid only. The significance level is set to 0.1, then =1.25, and the value range of is between 0.25 and 0.5. Lytxisa leading provider of video telematics, analytics, safety, and productivity solutions for commercial, public sector, and field service fleets. L. Li, Z. Liu, and X. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was adopted on the data using statistical methods to investigate the differences in IEFA of drivers in different driving states under two traffic conditions. Euclidean distance was used to establish the distance matrix of the dataset, and the UPGMA algorithm was used to calculate the distance between the two clusters to complete the hierarchical aggregation process. Further normalizing this behavior, 18 states and Washington, D.C., have legalized marijuana for recreational use. All Rights Reserved. The IEFA was mainly distributed from 0.769 to 1.842bits in the free flow scenario and from 0.828 to 1.672bits in the congested flow scenario. 161165, 2021. Similarly, the higher the information entropy of the drivers fixation area is, the more discrete the distribution of fixation points is, and vice versa, the more concentrated it is. 19, no. The VSC can quantitatively assess driving risk from the perspective of visual psychological safety and contributes to the development of corresponding early warning and control measures. Due to the intelligent and diversified functions of cell phones, operating cell phones has been one of the main causes of driving distraction [79]. With each new video clip reviewed and processed, Lytxs AI algorithms become even more nuanced and accurate in identifying high-risk driving behaviors in real time, enabling a safer and more productive future for fleets and drivers alike. From choosing to drive while impaired, and speeding, to driving distracted or running red lights, using these two drugs leads to poor decision-making with potentially fatal consequences.. Drink-driving warning as alcohol stays in your system longer than In addition, learn communication Manufacturing fear-based trigger-happyresponses to innocent behavior can be deadly. With the popularization of smartphones and the update of communication software functions, video chatting is becoming increasingly popular. 2, pp. The RCPA was mainly distributed from 0.839 to 2.489 in the free flow, and the RCPA was mainly distributed from 0.706 to 1.962 in the congested flow. Some prescription and OTC medicines can cause extreme drowsiness and dizziness. 22, no. API integrations. 101, Article ID 103692, 2022. Set. Learn more about smart, simple dash cam solutions exclusively for resellers. 679687, 2022. Note: Percentages include responses of a few times, fairly often, or regularly., * DUI refers to self-reported driving under the influence, not being charged with a DUI by law enforcement. More than 50% of drivers involved in serious injury and fatal crashes tested positive for at least one drug. From drunk driving to texting behind the wheel, drivers often engage in behaviors that increase their chance of an accident and that can affect their insurance rates. 5 Risky Distracted Driving Behaviors | U.S. News John is the editorial director for CarInsurance.com, Insurance.com and Insure.com. Compared with the congested flow, the drivers VSC in the free flow scenario was more sensitive to the influence of the same cell phone operation, indicating that the main driving task occupied fewer visual and cognitive resources in the free flow scenario with a single driving environment and drivers allocated more attention to the cell phone call subtask, resulting in a significant decrease in the stability of the visual information processing process and a greater increase in driving risk when distracted driving. Comparison of drivers pupil area during normal driving in different traffic conditions. These data show the alarming impact of alcohol and marijuana use on the choices drivers make when they get behind the wheel, said Jake Nelson, AAAs director of traffic safety advocacy and research.