I knew there was some discretion in translating and it was more of an art than a science, but I didnt realize how much discretion is involved. Now, in a remarkable reversal of fortune, it is the West that points out what is outstanding and characteristically Chinese in artworks from China. The mobility of early modern people, ideas and things, and the networks they created and relied on, facilitated flows of material and immaterial interactions. Improve your vocabulary with English Vocabulary in Use from Cambridge. Dennison and Lim, 2006: 2; Nagib, Perriam and Dudrah, 2012: xix). Meaning of "exoticism" in the English dictionary Like world cinema, exoticism is a travelling concept that depends on mobility and the crossing of cultural boundaries to come into existence. a circular decoration for the head, usually made of gold and jewels (= precious stones), and worn by a king or queen at official ceremonies, Out of the ordinary: ways of saying that something is unusual (2), Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023. anything exotic, as a foreign word or idiom. Exotismus in den Niederlanden der Fruhen Neuzeit, Exotica on the Move: Birds of Paradise in Early Modern Holland, Domesticating Goods from Overseas: Global Material Culture in the Early Modern Netherlands, Rembrandt and his Time - through Hungarian Eyes. A +2 translation. The emphasis exoticism places on sumptuous images and visual splendour shifts the attention from the films deeper meaning (such as specific historical events, social conventions and interactions articulated in the narrative) to the surface which not only shines but glosses, which looks, stares, and speaks (Chow, 1995: 150).5 Nowhere is this shift from the semantic core to surface appearance more apparent than in the films of Zhang Yimou which literally burst with bold saturated colours, a hallmark of his voluptuous visual style that is also emphasised in the titles of his films Hong Gao Liang (Red Sorghum, Zhang Yimou, China, 1987) and Raise the Red Lantern, and carefully composed painterly tableaus that invite audiences to feast their eyes on opulent interiors as well as on the enchanting beauty of Gong Li, the poster girl of Fifth Generation Chinese films (Khoo, 2007: 1) and first actress in the post-Maoist period to gain global recognition. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. v1f@1Nk8>{00U@]8>Y{Zl+ bD0 fi:N^o|CB9%F!6 .>.y8LWv 295 0 obj Very interesting. Connell, John (2003). Moreover, its transnational appeal is usually part of a deliberate strategy which non-Western filmmakers deploy to pander to the tastes and expectations of Western critics and audiences. Most critics in the West denounce exotic cinema and its commodification of cultural difference as unethical and exploitative. If we conceive of world cinema and its transnational exhibition on the film festival circuit (and beyond) as such a contact zone then the interactive exchange occurring in this space is, on the one hand, the expectation of metropolitan audiences to encounter a particular kind of world cinema that corresponds to their exotic fantasies of Other cultures and, on the other hand, the creation of autoethnographic texts, that is, films made by non-Western filmmakers which appropriate the idioms of metropolitan representation (Pratt, 1992: 7). Persian Art and the Crafting of Polish Identity. "The Rules of Art and Rembrandt, 1630-1730", in: W. Franits (ed. Guha, Ranajit, ed. Goethes Idee der Weltliteratur. In A. Langer (Ed. It really depends. That is why exoticism has also been conceptualised as a form of cultural translation, namely the process by which one culture tries to make sense of another and not just their foreign language, but also their traditions, rituals and their entire way of life. Nichols, Bill (1994). It also applies to the various mechanisms of transnational film funding and co-production, circulation and distribution, since the selection procedures involved tend to privilege a particular type of global art cinema that promises to appeal to (metropolitan) cinephiles (cf. Realist Cinema as World Cinema: Non-Cinema, Intermedial Passages, Total Cinema. However, the relationship between realist and exoticist modes of representation is more complicated and they are not mutually exclusive. Direct translation techniques. Exoticism | Encyclopedia.com But needless to say, the individual human decision will not be made to use exoticisms and be in the -1 to -2 range. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! White Western writers, painters and filmmakers have equally partaken in the process of cultural translation by making foreign people, their cultures and traditions as well as ethnic minorities within their own national or cultural sphere. La Isla de Borneo evoca un poderoso exotismo. It adopts a cultural perspective that is firmly entrenched in the conventions and belief systems of Western civilization and therefore constructs the East as the archetypical location of otherness. To be sure, this does not normally apply to popular genre films predominantly targeting domestic viewers, although these sometimes become art films when exhibited abroad (Galt and Schoonover, 2010: 7) or, as the case of the wuxia pian (Chinese swordplay film) illustrates, are adopted by world cinema auteurs like Wong Kar-wai (Yi Dai Zong Shi/The Grandmaster, Hong Kong/China, 2013) and Hou Hsiao-hsien (Cike Nie Yin Niang/The Assassin, Taiwan/China/Hong Kong/France, 2015), who transform them into refined arthouse films. You can email a link to this page to a colleague or librarian: The link was not copied. (USA/India/France/UK, 1988) and Monsoon Wedding (USA/India/Italy/Germany/France/UK, 2001) blend a documentary realist aesthetic (in the street scenes) with the exotic spectacle of vibrant colours (inside the Bombay brothel and at the Hindu wedding) and other exotic visual and narrative tropes, such as Indian poverty. 49 0 obj phil., Royal Holloway. Ethnic Food Fetishism, Whiteness, and Nostalgia in Recent Film and Television. Essay on Exoticism: An Aesthetics of Diversity. Within that early modern connected world, material culture played a key role. The film premiered at the 1991 Venice Film Festival, where it won the Silver Lion and was subsequently nominated for the Academy Awards. Rony, Fatimah Tobing (1996). Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. Europes Myths of Orient: Devise and Rule. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Vibrant colours, ancient rituals and traditions (both real or invented), a sense of pastness or primitive backwardness in relation to the progressive West, iconic costumes like the loincloth, the sari or the cheongsam that essentialise cultural identities, topographies like the South Sea islands or the Amazonian rainforest, waterscapes covered in carpets of floating lotus flowers or bustling street markets, sensuality, lushness and abundance and a sense of enigma and mystery are all, in varying degrees and combinations, essential ingredients of exoticism. Tracing global and local aspects of design as it appears in idealized representations and in early modern Dutch historical objects, I argue that embodied experiences play key roles in the domestication of goods from overseas. Translated texts using exoticism often use cultural and grammatical aspects taken straight from source texts. Performances of corroborees and other cultural practices can therefore be staged for tourists while the traditional rituals are on the brink of extinction. Discovering Form, Inferring Meaning: New Cinemas and the Film Festival Circuit. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. This paper reassesses the working relationship between Jan van Vliet and Rembrandt in the context of printmaking practices in seventeenth-century Holland. rogerebert.com 27 March. "Exoticism ." Heung, Maria (1997). Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art 66 (2016), Rembrandt and the Emergence of the Leiden Art Market, Tracing a Pose: Govert Flinck and the Emergence of the Van Dyckian Mode of Portraiture in Amsterdam, SWAN Review CAA Netherlandish Art in Its Global Context and Rembrandt and the Inspiration of India 20191218, Netherlandish Art and the World: A Conference on Global Art History, Utrecht, 25-27 October 2018, Allegory as Historical Method, or the Similarities between Amsterdam and Albania Reading Simon Gikandi's Slavery and the Culture of Taste, Rembrandt's Religious Paintings from 1630s, The Speelman Fellowship and Netherlandish Art in Cambridge, 'Defenders of the Image. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). find that literal translation would result in awkward or unnatural translation. The viewers and critics of the home country can do nothing but be astounded by and follow the judgment of the authority of the Western world. Said, Edward. Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English, Today, the nearly 5,300-square-foot home exudes elegance and, Across the centuries, orchids have captivated us with their elaborate, Whether it's the mysteries of the blue agave source plant, the, Presumably it would be because, after 40-some-odd films in the franchise, producers felt they needed to do a little something extra to up the, Such a reductive representation of cultural difference is termed colonial, Addressing the politics of gender in studies on, They are, rather, narrative agents whose actions move the stories forward and develop the authenticity and, Although the poet insists that eros is the force of perpetual revolution, he consistently finds in it an, However, she changes her positionality as she proceeds with her description and adopts an uncertain viewing position which avoids fixating difference as a stereotypical characteristic of colonial. ." Chen has three wives already and Songlian, as his fourth wife or concubine, vies with the others for his attention and material favours, and much jealousy and intrigue ensue. <>stream Raise the Red Lantern Review. London and New York: Routledge. Exoticism. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/exoticism. The history of the terms "anthropology" and "ethnology" tells much about the changing scope of the field and central deba, Cultural Relativism 65: Arts of Display. Literal translation is your straightforward word-for-word translation. Kabbani, Rana. Cultural translation denotes the transformative dynamic that is forged by the interaction of different cultures. Methodologically, this essay combines a close reading of the idealized representations of things in domestic spaces we encounter in paintings with an analysis of the materiality, design and historical trajectories of the things themselves. Eine historische Vergegenwrtigung. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Experience the exoticism of the Medina of Marrakech. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, pp. An experience where the exoticism and passion speak the same language. Segalen, Victor (2002). Terms and Conditions |Privacy Statement | Cookie Settings |Accessibility | Legal Notice. In: Charles, Forsdick and David, Murphy, eds., Francophone Postcolonial Studies: A Critical Introduction. The Assassin. Translation Techniques - The Reason Why Human Translators Still Exist https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/21/the-assassin-review-captivatingly-hypnotic-if-impenetrable-wuxia-tale. ]6[I N*"=EE}-Sw"E~U ?&7t'>#^/ NgtAftaes`VL^rxJ?^A*u]^460/cl!Jb|@x7 t{%hmLa s?hWmP'EDdTB.A0E*!W;hQV:&V2L^eC`%FIHJ59%]iRH/" 3%hY]hF,`bd582TP?I5MsLK`_I?+i%S~'}\9, `3+_0X~^xjdiD- 2r=nl>&ZP%I]ALL!4\~KD`hIBK:R+S }l.~q BFcN}uZ^9$2.:-w\wmle=w uCXBw0!I-(>|v!8Zb?. X5foOkYTa+*roQ>6RWJrt=$U5lP/U//MqHOFp +T[O <> Find out the translation of exoticism to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator. Painting natural knowledge in the early seventeenth century, The History of the Dutch and Flemish Art Collection of the Szpmvszeti Mzeum. Homi Bhabha and subsequent scholars of hybridity and the encounters between subaltern and dominant cultures, therefore, make every effort to draw attention to exoticisms parodic dimension in order to empower and render eloquent its latent subversion of oppressive and exploitative fantasies. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press. Orientalism: Western Conceptions of the Orient. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. This is why I also think that Google Translate is not a perfect solution for translation at a professional level. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Durham: Duke University Press. Exoticism, as a cultural phenomenon, has mainly been examined via related critical concepts. In most cases too, we find a country having several social/cultural diversities. Dynamic pace and action are replaced by an eerie stillness and languorous observational distance. Modulation: A Translation Method to Obtain Naturalness in Target relationship between foreignisation and exoticism, which will be based https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/assassin-cannes-review-797267. (April 27, 2023). endobj London and New York: Wallflower Press, pp. Shapiro, Ron (2000). Rubensbulletin V (2014), pp. 1978. Katrien Lichtert, Christopher D M Atkins, Erik Verroken, Anne-Laure Van Bruaene, Angela Jager, Martine Vanwelden. 'pa pdd chac-sb tc-bd bw hbr-20 hbss lpt-25' : 'hdn'">. Lost in Translation: Exoticism in Early Modern Holland Meaning of exoticism. Translation Studies 4 (1), pp. Add exoticism to one of your lists below, or create a new one. The film was shot in the classic three-strip Technicolor process to achieve a richness of reds and yellows no longer visible in Hollywood cinema which abandoned the three-strip Technicolor camera in 1954. https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/exoticism, "Exoticism In this essay, I set out to demonstrate that world cinema and exoticism are both traveling concepts, constituted in and through transnational mobility and the process of traversing cultural boundaries and borders of various kinds. Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth, Griffiths and Helen, Tiffin (2000). The visual pleasure afforded by exotic spectacle is arguably the chief vehicle that allows world cinema to travel and be understood, or misunderstood, as the case may be, by cultural outsiders who are potentially disadvantaged by a hermeneutic deficit of culturally specific knowledge when trying to understand films from elsewhere. It results in creative reconfigurations that occur when the state of boundedness is disturbed by the forces of mobility (Papastergiadis, 2011: 2). Notes on Painterly Narrative in the Early Work of Rembrandt, The Odalisque. Cultural Translation The attempt by the age of Enlightenment to study and describe the vast number of different peoples of this earth was thus soon reduced to a mere interest in costume and other extrinsic markers of otherness, which were eagerly displayed in the European homelands. In: Matthew, Bernstein and Gaylyn, Studlar, eds., Visions of the East: Orientalism in Film. One had to make a decision to be loyal to the author of the text, or to be loyal to the reader. Childs, Elizabeth C. (2013). The Island of Borneo evokes a powerful exoticism. It is worth emphasising that cultural translation shapes world cinema at every single stage. Spaces set aside for expatriate consumption in international four- and five-star hotel chains (such as the Safari Bar in the Hyatt in Muscat, Oman) promise a sanitized encounter with a non-European subject that guarantees the absence of emotional involvement. When letters make sounds that aren't associated w One goose, two geese. This period also engendered a taste for the rich costumes of the Orient, the main geographic location of Enlightenment fantasies about the exotic. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. 6276. Review Captivatingly Hypnotic, If Impenetrable, Vanishing Paradise: Art and Exoticism in Colonial Tahiti, Primitive Passions: Visuality, Sexuality, Ethnography, and Contemporary Chinese Cinema, Island Dreaming: The Contemplation of Polynesian Paradise, Realism of the Senses in World Cinema: The Experience of Physical Reality, Situating World Cinema as a Theoretical Problem, Remapping World Cinema: Identity, Culture and Politics in Film, Travelling Concepts: Postcolonial Approaches to Exoticism, Revisiting Exoticism: From Colonialism to Postcolonialism, Francophone Postcolonial Studies: A Critical Introduction, Global Art Cinema: New Theories and Histories, Offering Tales they Want to Hear: Transnational European Film Funding as Neo-Orientalism, The Postcolonial Exotic: Marketing the Margins, Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism, Transnational Chinese Cinemas: Identity, Nationhood, Gender, The Chinese Exotic: Modern Diasporic Femininity, Chinese Cinemas (18961996) and Transnational Film Studies, The Skin of the Film: Intercultural Cinema, Embodiment, and the Senses, Realist Cinema as World Cinema: Non-Cinema, Intermedial Passages, Total Cinema, Ethnic Food Fetishism, Whiteness, and Nostalgia in Recent Film and Television, Discovering Form, Inferring Meaning: New Cinemas and the Film Festival Circuit, Cultural Translation, Cosmopolitanism and the Void, Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation, The Third Eye: Race, Cinema and Ethnographic Spectacle, Essay on Exoticism: An Aesthetics of Diversity, Defence of Exoticism: Rescuing the Literary Imagination, New Exoticisms: Changing Patterns in the Construction of Otherness, The Assassin: Cannes Review. The foreignizing method of translating, a strategy Venuti also termed ' resistancy ' , is a non-fluent or estranging translation style designed to make visible the persistence of translator by highlighting the foreign identity of ST and protecting it from the ideological dominance of the target culture. Get ready with Test&Train, the online practice tool from Cambridge.Build your confidence with hundreds of exam questions with hints, tips and instant feedback. Palm trees and giant ferns, dense lush forests with waterfalls convey a sense of natural abundance and pristine nature. 2. Tanna invokes the exotic iconography of earlier South Sea films. I seek to show that through vision and touch, and the proximity of objects to bodies in domestic environments, goods from all over the world become part of the material culture of the seventeenth-century Netherlands. For the twenty-first century, the experience of the exotic frequently thrives on an imitation of a ritual presumed to be authentic, involving an act of mimicry whose comic potential is easily glazed over. noun. An exoticism is a word from a foreign language which denotes something (e.g. 158183. If you were to imagine a range of translation options from -2 to 0 to +2, -2 might be a translation that is as close or loyal as possible to the German source text. Accessed 1 May. Whether or not this kind of autoethnography is a deliberate strategy or an unconscious process is one of the questions that Rey Chow addresses in her study Primitive Passions on Fifth Generation Chinese cinema and Chinese visual culture more broadly. Forsdick, Charles (2001). The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. It has been deeply entrenched in the European imaginary of the Orient ever since Pierre Loti conflated exoticism and eroticism and his immensely popular novel Madame Chrysanthme (1887) inspired Giacomo Puccinis opera Madama Butterfly (1904) and served as a template of Asian femininity in the popular imagination of the West (cf. VB144; London's Smaller Art Collections Week 9 THE DULWICH PICTURE GALLERY, Historians of Netherlandish Art Conference May 23 to May 26, 2018, Allegory on the Colonial Power. The Location of Culture. 48 0 obj Literal translation. <> Nagib, Lcia (2020). 554581. endobj The same holds true for world cinema, which must travel from its site of origin and be watched by audiences originating from different nations, regions or cultures. Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, 14, pp. Learn more in the Cambridge English-Chinese simplified Dictionary. endobj Galt, Rosalind and Karl, Schoonover (2010). 1229. For example, the documentary realist aesthetics of the Iranian New Wave films, which Nichols uses as a case study in his essay, is far too austere to qualify as exotic. Exoticism in the Enlightenment. The term world cinema has been coined in analogy to Goethes conceptualisation of Weltliteratur (world literature) by which he meant not only foreign literature, but also the reception of domestic literature abroad as well as his own literary translations (Birus, 2004). International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Nagib, Lcia, Chris, Perriam and Rajinder, Dudrah (2012). exoticism translations: . Painting Blindness and Obscuring Vision: Rembrandt and the Senses. In: Isabel, Santaolalla, ed., New Exoticisms: Changing Patterns in the Construction of Otherness. This would surely represent an untenable homogenisation of world cinemas actual diversity. Primitive Passions: Visuality, Sexuality, Ethnography, and Contemporary Chinese Cinema. 4655. For example, Mira Nairs films Salaam Bombay! Ruth Fulton Benedict (18871948), originator of the configurational approach to culture, was a mature woman when she en, Culture areas are geographical territories in which characteristic culture patterns are recognizable through repeated associations of specific traits, Exoteric-Esoteric (Kenmitsu) Buddhism in Japan, Expanded Food Nutrition and Education Program, Expanding Educational Opportunities for the Masses, https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/exoticism, Transculturation and Religion: An Overview. It is precisely these perceived Oriental qualities [] that separate Chinese and Western audience preferences for Zhangs films and Gong Lis images (Reynaud cited in Lu, 1997: 126). Citation: Studies in World Cinema 1, 2 (2021) ; 10.1163/26659891-01020001. endobj Goods ranging from treasured, unique objects to commodities traded in vast quantities always accumulate layers of meanings as they move through time and space. In: Rosalind, Galt and Karl, Schoonover, eds., Global Art Cinema: New Theories and Histories. You can subscribe via RSS 2.0 feed to this post's comments. The Fascination of Persia. Encyclopedia.com. For a theorisation of global art cinema, cf. <> B. Tauris, pp. Clarke, Roger (2016). Leiden circa 1630: Rembrandt Emerges, (Agnes Ethering Art Centre, Kingston ON; Art Gallery of Alberta, Edmonton AB; MacKenzie Gallery, Regina SK; Art Gallery of Hamilton, Hamilton ON; Vereniging van Nederlandse Kunsthistorici, Saul in Story and Tradition (Series Forschungen Zum Alten Testament), Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art vol. endobj 6}letBlT%kF6p. exoticism noun [ U ] uk / zt..s.z m / us / z.t.s.z m / the quality of being unusual and exciting because of coming (or seeming to come) from far away, especially a tropical country the exoticism of the East Want to learn more? 316 0 obj Although this kind of cultural translation has, historically, been the domain of ethnography, it is by no means restricted to the scientific discourse on cultural difference. Framegrab. 'x6cB2 `Me * a person, an institution, an animal, a plant etc.) Add exoticism to one of your lists below, or create a new one. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Find a translation for the exoticism definition in other languages: Select another language: - Select - (Chinese - Simplified) (Chinese - Traditional) Espaol (Spanish) Although the encounter with the strange and unfamiliar is one of the principal fascinations that world cinema affords transnational audiences, it invariably triggers the reflex to recover the strange as familiar (Nichols, 1994: 18), or to use the term I introduced in relation to the exotic, to domesticate it. I would like to here. 20 May. Film Quarterly,47 (3), pp. Dennison, Stephanie and Song Hwee, Lim (2006). de Luca, 2013; Galt and Schoonover, 2010: 1517; Nagib, 2011; 2020. Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. Preparing for your Cambridge English exam? Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. Ever since Louis-Antoine de Bougainville (in 1768) and other European explorers travelled to Polynesia and perceived the islanders as the incarnation of Rousseaus ideal of the natural man, untouched by the corrupting influence of Western civilisation, the South Pacific islands have come to epitomise paradise on earth (Childs, 2013; Connell, 2003). Segalen, 2002: 61). Postcolonial Studies: The Key Concepts. Nevertheless, these films also rely on pictorialism, spectacle and visual pleasure for their transnational appeal. Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture, and Race. The Postcolonial Exotic: Marketing the Margins. Furthermore, as defendants of cultural translation have argued, such hermeneutic collisions and reconfigurations are actually highly productive interactions that bring about cultural innovation, provided that the power differentials are not too extreme (Papastergiadis, 2011: 7). Preparing for your Cambridge English exam?
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