This area contains many lakes, bayous, tidal channels, and man-made canals. The Central Basin, also known as the Llano Basin, occupies a relatively small area in Central Texas. Which among the kind of soil is most fertile? Why are the Feeding Habits of Farm Animals Different? Blackland Soil The area was once a fertile grassland but the native prairie was replaced with farming and development. A soil survey is the systematic description, classification, and mapping of soils in an area. The Penistaja soils are formed in arid or semi-arid climates and typically fall under the soil category of aridisols. The major soil-management concerns are brush control, large stones, low fertility, excess lime, and limited soil moisture. You can grow quite a bit of stuff in Pike County, KY. California's San Joaquin Valley has been called "the world's richest agricultural valley.". What Country Has The Most Fertile Soil In The World? Farming is extensive throughout Texas, but the eastern region has rich soil, making it easier to grow food crops. [5]:393394 p.[6]. The landscape is undulating with few scattered wooded areas that are mostly in the bottomlands. The eastern part contains large areas of badlands. In Texas, clay soil naturally has low amounts of organic matter, which leads to more drastic effects from drought and rain. The major soil-management problem on grazing lands is brush control. Invasive species include nutria or coypu (Myocastor coypus), house mouse (Mus musculus), roof rat (Rattus rattus), and Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus). Most of the soils are used for growing irrigated vegetables and citrus, along with cotton, grain sorghums, and sugar cane. This arid region is used mainly as rangeland. during the first nine years of this decade, with potatoes accounting for 30 percent of the total. ,p(Y%. Providing fresh water and access to grazing areas are the major management concerns. By the end of the 19th century 98% of the blackland prairies were cultivated and it was the leading cotton region of the state, also producing sorghum, corn, wheat, and hay. More than 1,300 different kinds of soil are recognized in Texas. We'd love to hear from you. Pretty damn fertile. [9][6], The soil of the Blackland Prairies, from which the "blackland" gets its name, contains black or dark-gray, alkaline clay in both upland and bottomland areas. Red maple ( Acer rubrum) One of the most popular shade trees in Ohio is the venerable red maple, beloved for its fast growth, thick shade and stunning fall color. The land is mainly used for forest, although cattle are grazed in some areas. The Rolling Plains include 21.7 million acres east of the High Plains in northwestern Texas. Does Texas have rich soil? Land prices in New Mexico are relatively lower than that of other states in the country. This type of soil might require more irrigation, investment and maintenance. In general, the organic soils have a thick layer of dark gray, relatively undecomposed organic material over a gray, clayey subsoil. Texas counties that once supported blackland prairies include all or most of Collin, Dallas, Delta, Ellis, Hunt, Kaufman, Navarro, and Rockwall counties, as well as portions of Bastrop, Bell, Bexar, Caldwell, Denton, Falls, Fannin, Franklin, Freestone, Grayson, Guadalupe, Henderson, Hill, Hopkins, Johnson, Lamar, Limestone, McLennan, Milam, Rains, Red River, Tarrant, Titus, Travis, Van Zandt, and Williamson counties all in the northwestern band of the region. 22 0 obj <> endobj 0 Flowers appear from . Whether you are a teacher or home-school parent, you will find our Teacher's Guide to be an invaluable tool for teaching all things Texas to your students. The area provides excellent deer habitat, and hunting leases are a major source of income. (1999). Crane flies have landed ever so lightly in Dallas, which means one thing. The alluvial soil being rich in Potash, Lime and Phosphoric acid, which are ideal for the growth of crops like Sugarcane, etc. This is part of the GFSAD30 Project. Farms and ranches occupy around 92% of the states total land area. Denmark ranks second after Bangladesh in the percentage of arable land with 58.9% of its total land being arable. Cattle and livestock farming are also a billion-dollar industry in the state. Peanuts, grain sorghums, small grains, peaches, pecans, and vegetables are grown in some areas. Much of the area is good deer and dove habitat; hunting leases are a major source of income. The Official State soil of California is the San Joaquin soil which occupies large areas of the San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys. 2007. Fox Glove (Penstemon cobaea) on ranchland in the Blackland Prairie eco-region. The landscape is nearly level to undulating except near the Rio Grande where it is hilly. The latest corn suitability ratings -- a measure of farmland productivity by judging factors such as soil fertility, weather patterns and topography -- compiled by Iowa State University proves it . Over to the East, we have Backland Prairie soils. The Flatwoods area includes about 2.5 million acres of woodland in humid Southeast Texas just north of the Coast Prairie and extending into Louisiana. Many are saline or sodic. No-till farming is fast becoming popular among farmers in this region. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA). Bottomland soils are reddish-brown to dark gray, slightly acid to alkaline loams or gray clays. The water table is near the surface at least part of the year. 5.2M subscribers in the Awwducational community. [3] Less than 1% of the original Blackland prairie vegetation remains, scattered across Texas in parcels. The area can be subdivided into four parts: freshwater, intermediate, brackish, and saline (saltwater) marsh. Throw in some solar panels, a super-efficient wood stove, and maybe a little livestock, and you're good to go. April 29, 2023. Read on to find out the best as well as the most affordable states to farm, in the USA. Surface drainage is slow to rapid. Soil on hilltops in this photo is lighter in color, revealing a loss of fertile topsoil. Berkeley, and an undergraduate degree from the University of Texas at Austin. Bottomland soils are deep, dark-colored, acid clays and loams. [3] Less than 1% of the original Blackland prairie vegetation remains, scattered across Texas in parcels.[4]. The first 62 editions of the Texas Almanac are fully searchable to aid researchers and students of Texas history. Andisols occupy about 1% of the global ice-free land area. Degraded soil around the world is making farms less fertile and threatening the future of the food supply. Where is the most fertile soil in the world? (4nd ~GjySV)+l@,$ee\ @l_k\a' USY_nfG/ksXprcYU| $[.^E7C0/X,\Yv*=*,QG*b emQNpnrfWf@Uj`L,&z-clLn-gDm6%} ($92IY/9` aoWqD{k5@; `FjQ9K^BDBG1kt}y X9U :~$$ gEVdcTyMlGf;iy*qJrr13R0rx;eQ03n'TB&1h tVR3CxI4^RYxABXrI`,1kMYsngoZrvg@HwT^-d~`Ny\Q0={r*pOZrrf%qMW7J Many soils have large amounts of lime at various depths and some are shallow over caliche. The most fertile . 20 Inexpensive Desert . This geologic region averages 60 miles wide and stretches from the southern Nebraska . When zinc deficiencies occur on acid soils, apply 36% zinc sulfate to the soil at a rate of 1/2 lb. Most of the soils are poorly drained, continuously saturated, soft, and can carry little weight. In historic times, they included the Wichita, Waco, Tonkawa, and Comanche, each of whom were gradually replaced by settled agrarian society. 37 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<4C388ED81C1AE84A9841BB64FBD47E4F>]/Index[22 31]/Info 21 0 R/Length 90/Prev 516208/Root 23 0 R/Size 53/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Build garden soil using natural methods for raised beds; Hgelkultur & lasagna sheet mulching. Purchase your copy of the brand new Texas Almanac today! Total fertility rate by ethnicity U.S. 2019. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}32N 96W / 32N 96W / 32; -96, Texas blackland prairies (area 32 on the map), Bailey, Vernon and C. Hart Merriam (1905). His former family farm included large swaths of land that eventually became Uptown, Highland Park and University Park. Map of land resource areas showing Texas' soil diversity. Grassland consisting of native range and improved pastures is the major land use. It can also hold large quantities of water, which makes it easy for numerous plant species to grow. There's no quick solution, she says. A team of scientists just came up with a staggering new estimate for just how much has disappeared. The characteristics of Post Oak Savannah . The main belt consists of oaklands and savannas and runs from just south of the Red River on the Texas-Oklahoma border through the DallasFort Worth metropolitan area and southward to the vicinity of San Antonio, Bexar County. Some soils in the southern part are alkaline; some are saline and sodic. Water erosion is a serious problem on the highly erosive claypan soils, especially where they are overgrazed. The area is mostly rangeland with significant areas of cropland. It is also one of the largest producers of products like tomatoes, lettuce, broccoli and carrots as well as asparagus, cauliflower, celery, garlic, mushrooms, onions, and peppers. Most of the area is used for raising beef cattle. For millennia, humans have depended on the dirt beneath our feet for sustenance. Upland soils are mostly deep, grayish-brown, neutral to alkaline loams; coastal areas are mostly gray, silty clay loam and silty clay; some are saline. The smaller southeastern band includes much of Grimes and Washington counties as well as portions of Austin, Colorado, Fayette, and the northwestern half of Lavaca county. Some are saline. Loamy soil also contains particles of nutrient-rich clay (besides sand and silt), which enhances soil retention and balances the moisture content of the soil. Salamanders include the small-mouthed salamander (Ambystoma texanum), central newt (Notophthalmus viridescens), and western lesser siren (Siren intermedia). The soil that's darkest in color is widely known as topsoil. The landscape is level to gently undulating with slow surface drainage. Adjacent to this area on the north is the rather small area (less than 1 million acres) called Rolling Red Prairies, which extends into Oklahoma and is included here because the soils and land use are similar. It lies between the Eastern and Western Cross Timbers in the northern part and just west of the Blackland Prairie in the southern part. Adopt the TX Town or County of your choice and share your message with the world. These soils occur in a humid climate, their outstanding characteristic being that they are strongly leached. Plant in fertile, well-drained soil; It's very salt sensitive; Final Thoughts. Irrigation water management and wind erosion are the major soil-management problems on cropland; brush control is the major problem on rangeland. Texas. "Maybe it's twenty percent, maybe it's forty percent. This small woody shrub is commonly found all over Texas in shallow soil and in rocky areas with woodlands and thickets. The states agriculture has flourished over the last half a century, now amounting to over a $54 billion industry. Farmers can grow grass and harvest hay, rather than corn. A few areas, mostly in the northeast part, are used for growing grain sorghums, cotton, and small grains. Extremely fertile and of neutral pH, mollisols constitute a large part of the Wheat Belt and the wheat-growing area of Palouse in eastern Washington. Would you like to submit an article, provide feedback, or just get in touch? Locally grown, organic food is quite popular in Vermont since there are about 250 farmers markets for a population of about 630,000 people. Some small grain, grain sorghums, corn, and hay are grown. The upland soils are mostly deep, light-colored, slightly acid sandy loams and loamy sands with reddish loamy or clayey subsoils. The United States is known for its natural diversity of soil and climate. A s the United Nations warns of drastic worldwide losses of fertile soil, Illinois should step up its own efforts to stop farmland from eroding away.. A U.N. report released Thursday in Geneva . The Northern Rio Grande Plain comprises about 6.3 million acres in South Texas extending from Uvalde to Beeville. Lizards include Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis), Six-lined Racerunner (Aspidoscelis sexlineatus), Prairie Lizard (Sceloporus conssbrinus), Western Slender Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus attenuatus), Five-lined Skink (Plestiodon fasciatus), Broad-headed Skink (Plestiodon laticeps), Prairie Skink (Plestiodon septentrionalis), and Ground Skink (Scincella lateralis). Vermonts hilly terrain makes is ideal for livestock as well as hay cultivation. Which is the most fertile soil in Texas? Soil management problems also include water erosion, cotton root rot, soil tilth, and brush control.[10]. A significant acreage is firm enough to support livestock and is used for winter grazing of cattle. Each has a specific set of properties that affect its use. Few, if any, species are restricted to these prairie, however, and the effect on distribution is mainly negative." %PDF-1.6 % While it is difficult to determine with certainty what the most fertile type of soil is, many experts point to chernozem, a type of soil found in Eastern Europe and southern Russia. Surface runoff is moderate to rapid. Those regional names alone give away these states' suitable farming qualities. The Pampas, for example, is an extremely fertile plains region in South America. Many areas have shallow soils and rock outcrops, and sizable areas have deep sands. Several of the larger cities in the state, such as Austin, Dallas, Fort Worth, San Antonio, Temple, and Waco, are located in the region and the agricultural activity in the area was a significant factor in their growth in the 19th century. The United States has 166 million hectares of net cropland area and is ranked second in the world after India, which has 180 million hectares of croplands. Nebraska is rich inmollisols,the product of thousands of years of decomposition of the prairie grasses. Loam soil is an organic and inorganic blend of three components: sand, clay, and silt. Thaler believes that a century of plowing is to blame. The indigenous modes of agriculture and the techniques brought in by the Spanish colonizers intermingled to create unique methods and products. Where is the most fertile land found? The state has a $3.6 billion agriculture industry and leads the production of cottage cheese, apples, cabbages, milk, grapes, maple syrup, wine and cauliflower. Areas where glaciers deposited minerals during the last Ice Age are usually where fertile soil is found. Texas soils are complex because of the wide diversity of climate, vegetation, geology, and landscape. Some other soil scientists, however, are skeptical of Thaler's methodology. Surface drainage is moderate to rapid. The area is mainly used for growing beef cattle. HWoTWm6HTMVqD"bq{w)_-RKL)Iy8VB NpIlqMxmgs9bi~{939_wZ]=+dZcPXhjl\htd6vs.#{;2z{otuw{O{zA?r?ywgWO3otAgOlsn_] W7ll57ZoZtQg[]:wg{@aM5-Mu FCuko2Nox=yXf73l53Ff63wz#t@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ^z|&V_|v`g'X6xf 5/G/}kOU[OE+;~"n0L_{*Kucp~,m;p0-aF%h`V*NM%|p&T{|.H,|phV/C This 150,000-acre area lies in the extreme southeastern corner of Texas. Alfisols. Get your free copy of the 20202021 Texas Almanac eBook. Brush management on grasslands and removal of excess water on cropland are the major management concerns. [15][16], Fish: Among the many fish of the region are spotted bass (Micropterus punctulatus), white bass (Morone chrysops), black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus), white crappie (Pomoxis annularis), black bullhead (Ameiurus melas), blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus), flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris), freckled madtom (Noturus nocturnus), warmouth (Lepomis gulosus), orangespotted sundfish (Lepomis humilis), longear sunfish (Lepomis megalotis), freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens). Bottomland soils are mostly deep, dark-gray or brown, alkaline loams and clays. These are the best and most affordable states to farm in the USA. A team of scientists just came up with a staggering new estimate for just how much has disappeared. in association with. The naked mole-rat is eusocial; living in a complex subterranean colony that has one queen, who reproduces, and many fertile workers that maintain and defend the colony - the same social structure as ants and termites. Areas to the north into Canada are planted at a slightly lesser rate, but there the growing season is longer and plants have time to develop more tillers. Fertile Ground: Soil Map Gives the Dirt on US. Many soils have a large amount of lime in the lower part, and a few others are saline; some are shallow and stony. They can also . Both upland and bottomland soils are deep, dark-gray to black alkaline clays. Regularly watering and using well-draining, rich soil will help these plants thrive. Andisols. The large sand particles found in loamy soil, aid drainage and airflow within the soil. Ultisols. Some soils are shallow or moderately deep to shale. The organic matter of the soil can reach as deep . Which is the least fertile soil? Denmark. Extremely fertile and of neutral pH,mollisolsconstitute a large part of the Wheat Belt and the wheat-growing area of Palouse in eastern Washington. Cattle grazing is the chief economic use of the various salt-tolerant cordgrasses and sedges. Farming has destroyed a lot of the rich soil of America's Midwestern prairie. The rocky Flint Hills of Kansas remains the largest region still unplowed. Places with the richest soil in the world are Eurasian Steppe; Mesopotamia; from Manitoba, Canada, as far south as Kansas; the central valley of California; Oxnard plain and the Los Angeles basin; Pampas lowlands of Argentina and Uruguay.. What race is most fertile? In Mississippi, the R horizon is found in the soils of the Appalachian foothills, in the northeastern-most corner of the state. Texas can be divided into 21 Major Land Resource Areas that have similar or related soils, vegetation, topography, climate, and land uses. Livestock and dairy herds are one of the biggest contributors to the industry. For more information, contact the Natural Resources Conservation Service at 101 S. Main, Temple 76501-7602; (254) 742-9800; or visit www.tx.nrcs.usda.gov; click on Information About: Soils.. Each has a specific set of properties that affect its use. The flat, nearly level treeless plain has few streams to cause local relief. Surface drainage is moderate. This makes it one of the rarest and most endangered ecosystems in the world. Many areas are also managed for wetland wildlife habitat. Valleys and plains are usually more fertile than mountains. Some of their colleagues, however, remain skeptical about the methods that produced this result. - A near-neutral or slightly acidic soil is generally considered ideal for most plants. However, several major rivers originate in the High Plains or cross the area. The mollisols are widely known as the best soils in the United States. Iowa has some of the richest and most productive of soils in the world. Where is the best and most affordable soil in the United States? Because of its high calcium concentration, Blackland soil is still considered among Texas' most fertile soil while the Coastal Plains are great for farming and ranching due to their abundant water supply and flat area. Found in Ukraine parts of Russia and the USA mollisols are some of the world's most fertile soil. The correct answer is Laterite soils. Deep sands are in scattered areas, and red clays are in areas of redlands. Bottomland soils are mostly brown to dark-gray, acid loams and some clays. Services will be on April 22 at the Peace Lutheran Church, 2201 Rio Grande Blvd., College Station. The new study emerged from a simple observation, one that people flying over Midwestern farms can confirm for themselves. Farm Real Estate Average Value per . Considered the most fertile of soil type, loamy soils are a combination of sandy, clay and silt . The state of New York unofficially recognizes Honeoye as the state soil, which is used in the cultivation of several crops like corn, soy, alfalfa, wheat, vegetables, oats, pasture and hay, grapes and orchards. Bottomland soils along the major rivers are deep, reddish-brown, neutral to alkaline silt loams and clays. New Mexico ranks third in the production of pecans, other crops onions, chile, cotton, hay and corn are also produced. Even the study's critics, though, agree that topsoil is endangered. In 2010 the United States Department of Agriculture, reporting a wide use of vegetables, said, "On a fresh-weight basis, per capita use of all vegetables and melons averaged 440 lbs. How Much Money Can You Make Farming 100 Acres? This site also participates in other affiliate programs and is compensated for referring traffic and business to them. "As a result of cultivation, overgrazing, and other imprudent land-use practices, there are few if any remnants of climax vegetation in the region. hb```e``:0A, ``8 ob>H C~gVI[xKVu fxn w( @ This soil has a high humus content and high levels of phosphorus. C) The most important settlement in the old Southwest. Vertical profile of Houston black clay, which occurs in the Blackland Prairie. New York is often associated with a bustling cityscape. 1% of the world's ice-free soil, with pockets in New Zealand, Northwest USA, Chile, Kenya, Indonesia and Japan. The major management problems are providing fresh water and access to grazing areas. The Eastern Cross Timbers area comprises about 1 million acres in a long narrow strip of wooded land that separates the northern parts of the Blackland Prairie and Grand Prairie and extends from the Red River southward to Hill County. The state has a desert climate with abundant wind and sun. hide caption. Deeper, less stony sandy-loam soils are in the valleys. Hunter-gatherers continually inhabited the prairie since pre-Clovis times over 15,000 years ago. This area has many kinds of upland soils but most are deep, light-colored, acid sands and loams over loamy and clayey subsoils. The word Penistaja which comes from the Navajo language, translates to forced to sit. Important prairie plants included little bluestem, yellow indiangrass, big bluestem, tall dropseed, and a variety of wildflowers including gayfeathers, asters, Maximilian sunflower, wild indigos and compass plant. Land use is mainly rangeland. "We're essentially trying to make up for many years of fairly thoughtless practices," she says. The water table is at or near the surface of most soils. Building Your Own Garden Soil It's easy & inexpensive to build larger amounts of garden soil the lazy gardener way. Vertisols - 2.5% of the world's ice-free land. Brush control and limited soil moisture are the major soil-management problems. Farming has destroyed a lot of the rich soil of America's Midwestern prairie. It lies in the southern part of the Great Plains province that includes large, similar areas in Oklahoma and New Mexico. The prairie was named after its rich, dark soil. How many acres are considered farmland in Texas? Some areas have light-colored loamy soils over chalky limestone. Along the river bottoms across the area and the broad plains to the southeast of Austin the soils are often deep sandy loams. The flat, nearly level treeless plain has few streams to cause local relief. The North Central Prairie occupies about 7 million acres in North Central Texas. Find out the correct way to pronounce Mexiaalong with hundreds of other places all across Texasby downloading our helpful Pronunciation Guide eastern: American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans),; western: American badger (Taxidea taxus), western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox); and other fauna listed below]. The soils have vertisols properties, shrinking and swelling with moisture content. Soil fertility, climatic conditions, price of land, average salaries, and ultimately, the most favorable niche. Can Donkeys Eat Lettuce? Some areas are in improved pastures. New Mexico is the biggest cultivator of chile pepper in the nation. Nearly 10% of the world's ice-free land. Add Organic Matter. The Grand Prairie comprises about 6.3 million acres in North Central Texas. It Includes the South Texas Sand Sheet, an area of deep, sandy soils and active sand dunes. Upland soils are mostly well-drained, deep, neutral to alkaline clay loams and sandy loams in shades of brown or red. 8.5% of the world's ice . This type of soil is formed in glacial tills. The Texas Blackland Prairies ecoregion covers an area of 50,300km2 (19,400sqmi), consisting of a main belt of 43,000km2 (17,000sqmi) and two islands of tallgrass prairie grasslands southeast of the main Blackland Prairie belt; both the main belt and the islands extend northeastsouthwest. Which Places Have The Richest Soil In The World? Brush control is the major soil-management problem on rangeland; wind erosion and limited soil moisture are major concerns on cropland. Mammals: Some species found in the region include Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), Eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis), Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis), fulvous harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys fulvescens), white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus)), eastern fox squirrel (Sciurus niger), American beaver (Castor canadensis), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), northern raccoon (Procyon lotor), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), bobcat (Lynx rufus), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and coyotes (Canis latrans). Texas official soil information site is the the Web Soil Survey: websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov. So few can barely get by today. The mineral soils have a surface of dark gray, highly decomposed organic material over a gray, clayey subsoil. Improved pastures are scattered throughout and are used for grazing beef and dairy cattle and for hay production. Some soils in the western part are shallow to moderately deep over chalk. The best time to apply iron to your lawn is in the spring, when temperatures are in the 60s to 70s F. Avoid spraying or applying iron during hot weather. It's the "black, organic, rich soil that's really good for growing crops," says Evan Thaler, a Ph.D. student at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Although 70% of the agricultural economy of Vermont is accounted for by dairy, a variety of food products like apples, honey, corn, maple syrup, etc., are popularly cultivated. The mostly reddish-brown clay loams and sandy loams were formed mostly in material weathered from sandstone and shale. The exact frequency of fires is unknown but estimated to have occurred at intervals of 5 to 10 years. Crops grown in the state include almonds, apricots, figs, dates, walnuts, pistachios, prunes and olives. The area is used mostly for cropland, but significant areas of rangeland are in the southwestern and extreme northern parts. The U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey [now the United States Fish and Wildlife Service], led by chief field naturalist Vernon Bailey with a crew of 12 federal field agents conducted a 17-year (1889-1905), statewide survey of the natural history of Texas. Bottomland soils are mostly well-drained, dark-brown or gray loams and clays. The Texas Blackland Prairies are a temperate grassland ecoregion located in Texas that runs roughly 300 miles (480km) from the Red River in North Texas to San Antonio in the south. Cropland is mostly in the valleys on the deeper soils and is used mainly for growing forage crops and hay. Around 90 percent of its land being used for agriculture, the state ranks second in the nation for agricultural production, after California.
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